		Concentration	Typical adult dose	Onset	Duration
Propofol	IV hypnotic	10 mg/mL (1% lipid emulsion)	Induction (healthy adult < 55 y): 1.5–2.5 mg/kg IV (label 2–2.5)	30–45 s	5–10 min
Etomidate	IV hypnotic	2 mg/mL	Induction: 0.2–0.3 mg/kg IV (label 0.2–0.6)	30–60 s	3–5 min
Ketamine	Dissociative anesthetic	10 mg/mL; 50 mg/mL; 100 mg/mL	Induction: 1–2 mg/kg IV (label 1–4.5)	30–60 s	5–10 min
Midazolam	Benzodiazepine	1 mg/mL; 5 mg/mL	Pre-op anxiolysis / sedation: 0.5–2 mg IV titrated (≈0.01–0.05 mg/kg); less in elderly or with opioids	1–3 min (peak 3–5)	30–60 min
Fentanyl	Opioid analgesic	50 mcg/mL	Analgesia: 0.5–1 mcg/kg increments (commonly 25–100 mcg)	1–2 min (peak 3–5)	30–60 min
Hydromorphone	Opioid analgesic	1 mg/mL (common); 2, 4, 10 mg/mL (high-potency)	PACU / end-of-case analgesia: 0.2–0.5 mg IV every 5–10 min, titrated	≈5 min (peak 10–20)	2–4 h
Succinylcholine	Depolarizing NMB	20 mg/mL	Rapid sequence intubation: 1–1.5 mg/kg IV	30–60 s	≈5–10 min (label 4–6)
Rocuronium	Nondepolarizing NMB	10 mg/mL	Intubation: 0.6 mg/kg IV	≈1.5–2 min	≈30–40 min (clinical)
Cisatracurium (and vecuronium)	Nondepolarizing NMB	Cisatracurium 2 mg/mL; Vecuronium powder (reconstituted)	Cisatracurium intubation: 0.15–0.2 mg/kg IV	2–3 min	≈45–60 min
Sugammadex	Selective relaxant binding agent	100 mg/mL	TOF count ≥ 2 (moderate): 2 mg/kg IV (actual body weight)	≈2–3 min	—
Neostigmine + glycopyrrolate	Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor	Neostigmine 1 mg/mL; Glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg/mL	Neostigmine: 0.03–0.07 mg/kg IV (max 0.07 mg/kg or 5 mg)	Peak ≈10 min	—
Phenylephrine	α1 agonist	100 mcg/mL (prepared — confirm local)	Bolus: 50–100 mcg IV (label 40–100 mcg; max 200 mcg single dose)	Immediate	≈10–20 min
Ephedrine	Mixed α/β agonist	5 mg/mL (diluted or prefilled)	Bolus: 5–10 mg IV, repeat (label total 50 mg)	≈1 min	≈10–15 min
Epinephrine	α/β agonist	1 mg/mL (IM); 0.1 mg/mL (code syringe); 10 mcg/mL push-dose (locally prepared)	Anaphylaxis (IM): 0.5 mg IM (1 mg/mL), anterolateral thigh	—	—
Norepinephrine	α1 > β1 agonist	Infusion per pharmacy	Infusion: ≈0.02–0.3 mcg/kg/min, titrated	Immediate	—
Vasopressin	V1 agonist	20 units/mL (diluted)	OR bolus (off-label, local practice): 0.5–1 unit IV	—	—
Labetalol	α1 + β blocker	5 mg/mL	Intra-op hypertension: 5–10 mg IV increments (label: 20 mg for severe HTN, then 40–80 mg every 10 min)	2–5 min	2–4 h
Esmolol	β1 blocker (ultra-short)	10 mg/mL	Bolus: 0.5 mg/kg IV (or 10–20 mg increments)	1–2 min	≈10 min
Hydralazine	Arteriolar vasodilator	20 mg/mL	Hypertension: 5–10 mg IV	10–20 min	2–4 h
Atropine	Anticholinergic	0.4 mg/mL; 0.1 mg/mL (syringe)	Bradycardia: 0.5–1 mg IV every 3–5 min, max 3 mg (ACLS: 1 mg)	≈1 min	—
Glycopyrrolate	Anticholinergic	0.2 mg/mL	With neostigmine: 0.2 mg per 1 mg neostigmine	—	—
Ondansetron	5-HT3 antagonist	2 mg/mL	PONV prophylaxis: 4 mg IV at end of surgery	—	—
Dexamethasone	Corticosteroid	4 mg/mL (also 10 mg/mL)	PONV prophylaxis: 4–5 mg IV after induction (8 mg also used)	—	—
Scopolamine patch	Anticholinergic antiemetic	1 mg over 72 h (1.5 mg patch)	PONV prophylaxis: 1 patch behind the ear the evening before or ≥ 2 h pre-op	—	—
Acetaminophen IV	Analgesic / antipyretic	10 mg/mL	Analgesia (≥ 50 kg): 1 g IV every 6 h; max 4 g/day (lower with liver disease or alcohol use)	—	—
Ketorolac	NSAID	15 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL	Analgesia: 15–30 mg IV (15 mg if ≥ 65 y, < 50 kg, or renal impairment); max 5 days	—	—
Lidocaine	Amide local anesthetic	1% = 10 mg/mL; 2% = 20 mg/mL	IV before propofol / blunting laryngoscopy: 1–1.5 mg/kg IV (commonly 40–100 mg)	—	—
Bupivacaine	Amide local anesthetic	0.25% (2.5 mg/mL); 0.5% (5 mg/mL)	Label maximum (healthy adult): 175 mg plain; 225 mg with epinephrine (≈2.5 mg/kg teaching figure)	—	—
Cefazolin	1st-gen cephalosporin	1 g / 2 g vials (reconstituted)	Surgical prophylaxis: 2 g IV (3 g if ≥ 120 kg) within 60 min before incision	—	—
Sevoflurane	Volatile anesthetic	MAC ≈ 2.0% (age ≈ 40)	Maintenance: Titrated to ≈ 0.7–1 MAC with adjuncts (team decides)	—	—